撒母耳記上28章3-25節
撒母耳記上28章3-25節: 講義(朱國鈞長老)
扫罗藉着女巫求问撒母耳
破冰 ﹕
• 你有没有惧怕的经验？如果有，是在什么情况下？
• 当一个对你灵命成长有极大帮助的牧者离世时，你会有什么感受？
• 你认为在什么情况下神会不听祷告呢？
• 当你觉得神不听你的祷告时，你会怎么去解决所面临的问题？
分段 ﹕
• 撒母耳死扫罗要与非利士对阵而惧怕(撒上28:3-7)
• 扫罗亲自找女巫求问撒母耳(撒上28:8-14)
• 神把扫罗及他的军兵交给非利士人(撒上28:15-19)
• 扫罗惊吓得魂不附体(撒上28:20-25)
观察、解释、应用﹕
撒母耳死扫罗要与非利士对阵而惧怕(撒上28:3-7)
3那时撒母耳已经死了，以色列众人为他哀哭，把他葬在他的本城拉玛。扫罗曾在国内驱除招魂的和行巫术的人。
4非利士人集合，来到书念安营；扫罗集合以色列众人在基利波安营。
5扫罗看见非利士的军队，就惧怕，心中大大战兢。
6扫罗求问耶和华，耶和华却不藉梦，或乌陵，或先知回答他。
7扫罗吩咐臣仆说： “为我找一个招魂的妇人，我好去问她。” 臣仆对他说：“看哪，在隐．多珥有一个招魂的妇人。”
撒母耳的过世对当时的以色列人是个很大的打击，尤其是正面对非利士人经常来骚扰他们的时候。他死时约85岁是以色列人最后的一位士师，又兼先知与祭司的职分；可说是主耶稣基督的预表。(请参撒上25章的注解。) 扫罗原本知道神厌恶那些交鬼行邪术的人，而在以色列境内把这些人驱逐出境。不过在这危急、非利士人来攻的时刻，又一次违背神的吩咐而去找一个招魂的妇人！
扫罗看见非利士壮大的军队就十分的恐惧，就求问耶和华。这时在扫罗所管辖的境内已经没有祭司了！因为扫罗已经把所有的祭司都杀光了。(参撒上22:16-19) 所以耶和华没有作任何回答。他竟然忘记上次没有等到撒母耳来到就自己献祭而令神厌恶的教训！(参撒上13:6-14) 这次是赶快去找一个招魂的妇人，要知道自己会有什么遭遇。他的臣仆告诉他在隐多珥有一个。
思考： 自己曾经哀悼过什么？在什么情况下会去做神不喜悦的事？在这紧急的时刻，你认为怎么做会讨神的喜悦？
应用： 下次遇到十分惧怕、紧急的挑战时，请赶快更迫切深入的祷告、安静等候聆听神的声音。
扫罗亲自找女巫求问撒母耳(撒上28:8-14)
8于是扫罗改了装，穿上别的衣服，带着两个人，夜里去见那妇人。扫罗说： “请你用招魂的法术，把我所告诉你的死人，为我招上来。”
9妇人对他说： “看哪，你知道扫罗所做的，他从国中剪除招魂的和行巫术的。你为何为我的性命设下罗网，要害死我呢？”
10扫罗向妇人指着耶和华起誓说： “我指着永生的耶和华起誓，你必不因这事受罚。”
11妇人说： “我为你招谁上来呢？” 他说：“为我招撒母耳上来。”
12妇人看见撒母耳，就大声喊叫。妇人对扫罗说：“你是扫罗，为什么欺骗我呢？”
13王对妇人说：“不要惧怕，你看见什么呢？”妇人对扫罗说：“我看见有神明从地里上来。”
14扫罗说：“他是怎样的形状？”妇人说：“有一个老人上来，身穿长袍。”扫罗知道是撒母耳，就屈身，脸伏于地下拜。
扫罗就化妆成一般平民的样子在夜里别人不容易看见的时候去找那个会招魂的妇人。他要利用那个会招魂的妇人去叫一个已死的人的灵魂显现。那妇人还特别提醒扫罗说她不可以这么做，因为那是违背扫罗王的禁令会遭到杀身之祸的。扫罗就非常严肃的发誓说妇人绝不会因为如此行而遭到处罚。第十节中的耶和华原文是雅威(Yahweh)是圣经中对神的尊称，也就是在英文圣经中完全大写的LORD对神崇高尊敬的称呼。不过此时此刻扫罗是不是真的把神 放在首要的位置上就很难讲了。
扫罗告诉妇人他要召撒母耳上来。妇人看见撒母耳非常的惊吓！也就是说妇人并没有这个能力把撒母耳请上来，并且妇人并不知道撒母耳的长相。这时她却明确的认知是扫罗在她面前而惧怕！扫罗叫她不要惧怕，赶快告诉他所看见的情况。
妇人告诉扫罗她看见有一个穿着长袍的老年人从地里上来。扫罗听她的描述就知道是撒母耳而立刻伏服在地的下拜。表示对撒母耳的尊敬、五体投地。
思考： 基督徒需不需要伪装或偷偷地隐藏自己？当你认知别人的伪装时，你会有什么反应？你认为基督徒会不会找奇幻的办法去完成要做的事？今日的世界是不是还有一些地方比较会受到撒旦势力的影响而远离神？
应用： 如果有自己尊敬的好牧人，请为好牧人多多祷告，使用他造就更多愿意事奉成长的弟兄姊妹。
神把扫罗及他的军兵交给非利士人(撒上28:15-19)
15 撒母耳对扫罗说： “你为什么搅扰我，招我上来呢？” 扫罗说：“我十分为难，因为非利士人攻击我，上帝离开我，不再藉先知或梦回答我。因此请你上来，好指示我应当怎样做。”
16撒母耳说：“耶和华已经离开你，与你为敌，你何必问我呢？
17耶和华照他藉我所说的话为他自己实现了。耶和华已经从你手里夺去国权，赐给别人，就是大卫。
18因为你没有听从耶和华的话，没有执行他对亚玛力人的恼怒，所以今日耶和华向你做这事。
19耶和华也必将你和以色列交在非利士人手里。明日你和你儿子们必与我在一处了；耶和华也必将以色列的军兵交在非利士人手里。”
扫罗虽然有机会与撒母耳谈话，但已经太迟了。其实扫罗这时唯一可以做的就是好好地、彻底的认罪悔改！接替扫罗的大卫王也犯了几个严重的罪，但是他是一个真心愿意彻底悔改的君王。所以他的过犯完全被赦免，被称为是一个合神心意的君王。
这里提到扫罗没有听从耶和华的命令，去完全毁灭亚玛力人的一切，所以神不再帮助扫罗而让他自己走灭亡的道路。这是撒上15章描写扫罗爱惜亚玛力王亚甲以及上好的牛、羊，并一切的美物而存留下来，违背了神给他的命令！也就是说扫罗爱惜物质上的丰富，远远超过爱神！这对我们每一个信主的弟兄姊妹也是一个警告！是不是真正把主耶稣当作我们生命的主宰？
扫罗不是一个好的领袖，以致他所照管的以色列人不听从耶和华也照样被神交在非利士人的手里。这个警告是隔天就要发生的事，扫罗及他的儿子们加上他的军兵都要被非利士人杀了而下到阴间与撒母耳同在。不过最后的去处还是不一样的：扫罗不信神的以及其他不信神的以色列人会下硫磺火湖，而撒母耳、约拿单以及其他信神的以色列人最后会到乐园去的。
思考： 自己是不是完完全全的按照神的吩咐过讨神喜悦的生活？如果没有，该有怎么样的改进？你最喜欢的事物有哪些？检讨这些事物会不会影响你的爱神、事奉神？当你知道非常惨痛的事件就要发生时，你会怎么处理？
应用： 想想自己最近有没有什么不听从神话语的事件，现在可以怎么补救？请花时间好好向主认罪，让主洗清你的罪，作一个新造的人。
扫罗惊吓得魂不附体(撒上28:20-25)
20 扫罗突然全身仆倒在地，因为撒母耳的话令他十分惧怕。他毫无气力，因为他一日一夜都没有吃什么。
21妇人到扫罗面前，见他极其惊恐，对他说： “看哪，婢女听从了你，不顾惜自己的性命，遵从你吩咐我的话。
22现在求你也听婢女的话，让我在你面前摆上一点食物，你吃了才有气力上路。”
23扫罗不肯，说： “我不吃。” 但他的仆人和那妇人再三劝他，他才听他们的话，从地上起来，坐在床上。
24妇人急忙把家里的一只肥牛犊宰了，又拿面来揉，烤成无酵饼，
25摆在扫罗和他仆人面前。他们吃了，当夜就起身走了。
扫罗那天认为需要表现他的真心诚意而一整天都在禁食！以为如此行就一定会得到神的怜悯而让他度过难关。现在从撒母耳听到自己明天就要战死那么可怕的消息后吓得魂不附体、完完全全的崩溃！好象已经是死了的人一样！那妇人看见扫罗那样崩溃的样子，为扫罗心疼。愿意为扫罗好好准备食物，进食一个大餐后让他恢复力气好赶紧上路，走完他人生的最后一段路。扫罗起初还不肯，还深深地埋没在他的崩溃里面、手足无措。
经过他的仆人们和妇人几次的相劝，最后他总算答应他们吃点东西后才离开这妇人家。于是那妇人很迅速的把家里面的一只肥牛犊杀了，又揉好面，做了无酵饼给扫罗以及他的仆人们吃。他们吃过后，当天晚上就离开了。这个招魂的妇人对扫罗自称为婢女表示是扫罗的仆人，愿意服侍主人最后的一个晚餐。这个行动也显出她的爱心。
接着第二天被杀的事件我们要等到第31章才有下文。
思考： 自己最惧怕的经历是什么？有没有别人帮助度过？你觉得有什么办法可以经常化解惧怕？自己的亲身经历会产生什么帮助？健康的身体会不会对控制惧怕有帮助？自己会不会在别人有需要支持的时候尽力的帮助他？
应用： 如果有认识的朋友遇到挑战难处，而自己又有能力帮助，请尽快出力去帮助这个朋友。
吕振中译本
3那时撒母耳已经死了；以色列众人为他举哀，将他埋葬在拉玛、他本城里。先是扫罗曾将交鬼的和行巫术的人驱出国土。
4非利士人集合以来，在书念扎营；扫罗集合以色列众人，在基利波扎营。
5扫罗看见非利士人的军兵，就惧怕，心中颤抖得很。
6扫罗求问永恒主，永恒主却没有藉着梦，没有藉着乌陵，也没有藉着神言人而回答他。
7扫罗就对臣仆说∶「要为我寻找一个有特质能交鬼的女人，我好去见她，去寻问她。」臣仆说∶「看哪，在隐多珥有一个有特质能交鬼的女人呢。」
8于是扫罗化了装，穿上别的衣服就走，有两个人跟随他，夜里去见那女人，说∶「请为我用交鬼法术、将我所向我告诉你的死者、给我招上来。」
9那女人对他说∶「哎，你自己也知道扫罗所作的∶他怎样从国中剪灭了交鬼的和行巫术的；你为什么设了陷阱要害我的性命于死地呢？」
10扫罗指着永恒主向那女人起誓说∶「我指着永活的永恒主来起誓，你一定不会因这事而受罪罚的。」
11那女人说∶「我须为你招上谁来呢？」扫罗说∶「你为我招上撒母耳来。」
12那女人看着扫罗（传统∶撒母耳），就大声喊叫，对扫罗说∶「你为什么哄骗我？你就是扫罗呀！」
13王对那女人说∶「不要惧怕；你看见了什么？」那女人对扫罗说∶「我看见有神魂从地里上来。」
14扫罗问那女人说∶「他的形状怎样？」那女人说∶「有一个老人上来，身披长袍。」扫罗知道是撒母耳，就俯身，面伏于地而下拜。
15撒母耳对扫罗说∶「你为什么搅扰我，把我招上来？」扫罗说∶「我非常困难；非利士人对我作战，上帝又离开我，不再由神言人经手、也不再藉着梦来回答我；因此我请你来指示我该怎样行。」
16撒母耳说∶「永恒主既已离开了你，跟你为敌，为什么还问我呢？
17永恒主已照由我经手所说的话来办你（传统∶他）；永恒主已从你手中撕去了国权，给你邻近的人大卫。
18因为你没有听永恒主的声音，没有向亚玛力人执行永恒主的烈怒，永恒主今天才向你行这样的事。
19并且呢、永恒主也必将以色列连你都交在非利士人手里；明天你和你儿子们就同我在一处了；永恒主必将以色列军兵交在非利士人手里。」
20于是扫罗猛然仆倒，全身僵直在地上。他因撒母耳的话、非常惧怕，一点力气也没有了；因为他一昼一夜都没有吃饭。
21那女人到扫罗面前，见他非常惊惶，就对他说∶「你看，婢女听你的话，冒险拚命，听你对我所说的话。
22现在求你也听婢女的话，容我在你面前摆上一点食物给你吃，你走路才有力气。」
23扫罗不肯，说∶「我不吃。」但仆人逼着他，那女人也逼着他，他才听了他们的话，从地上爬起来，坐在床上。
24那女人家里有一只厩中养肥的牛犊；她急忙给宰了；又拿面粉和和，烤成无酵饼，
25端在扫罗和他仆人面前；他们就吃，当夜便起身走了。
ESV
3Now Samuel had died, and all Israel had mourned for him and buried him in Ramah, his own city. And Saul had put the mediums and the necromancers out of the land.
4The Philistines assembled and came and encamped at Shunem. And Saul gathered all Israel, and they encamped at Gilboa.
5When Saul saw the army of the Philistines, he was afraid, and his heart trembled greatly.
6And when Saul inquired of the LORD, the LORD did not answer him, either by dreams, or by Urim, or by prophets.
7Then Saul said to his servants, "Seek out for me a woman who is a medium, that I may go to her and inquire of her." And his servants said to him, "Behold, there is a medium at En-dor."
8So Saul disguised himself and put on other garments and went, he and two men with him. And they came to the woman by night. And he said, "Divine for me by a spirit and bring up for me whomever I shall name to you."
9The woman said to him, "Surely you know what Saul has done, how he has cut off the mediums and the necromancers from the land. Why then are you laying a trap for my life to bring about my death?"
10But Saul swore to her by the LORD, "As the LORD lives, no punishment shall come upon you for this thing."
11Then the woman said, "Whom shall I bring up for you?" He said, "Bring up Samuel for me."
12When the woman saw Samuel, she cried out with a loud voice. And the woman said to Saul, "Why have you deceived me? You are Saul."
13The king said to her, "Do not be afraid. What do you see?" And the woman said to Saul, "I see a god coming up out of the earth."
14He said to her, "What is his appearance?" And she said, "An old man is coming up, and he is wrapped in a robe." And Saul knew that it was Samuel, and he bowed with his face to the ground and paid homage.
15Then Samuel said to Saul, "Why have you disturbed me by bringing me up?" Saul answered, "I am in great distress, for the Philistines are warring against me, and God has turned away from me and answers me no more, either by prophets or by dreams. Therefore I have summoned you to tell me what I shall do."
16And Samuel said, "Why then do you ask me, since the LORD has turned from you and become your enemy?
17The LORD has done to you as he spoke by me, for the LORD has torn the kingdom out of your hand and given it to your neighbor, David.
18Because you did not obey the voice of the LORD and did not carry out his fierce wrath against Amalek, therefore the LORD has done this thing to you this day.
19Moreover, the LORD will give Israel also with you into the hand of the Philistines, and tomorrow you and your sons shall be with me. The LORD will give the army of Israel also into the hand of thePhilistines."
20Then Saul fell at once full length on the ground, filled with fear because of the words of Samuel. And there was no strength in him, for he had eaten nothing all day and all night.
21And the woman came to Saul, and when she saw that he was terrified, she said to him, "Behold, your servant has obeyed you. I have taken my life in my hand and have listened to what you have said to me.
22Now therefore, you also obey your servant. Let me set a morsel of bread before you; and eat, that you may have strength when you go on your way."
23He refused and said, "I will not eat." But his servants, together with the woman, urged him, and he listened to their words. So he arose from the earth and sat on the bed.
24Now the woman had a fattened calf in the house, and she quickly killed it, and she took flour and kneaded it and baked unleavened bread of it,
25and she put it before Saul and his servants, and they ate. Then they rose and went away that night.
MSG
3Samuel was now dead. All Israel had mourned his death and buried him in Ramah, his hometown. Saul had long since cleaned out all those who held seances with the dead.
4The Philistines had mustered their troops and camped at Shunem. Saul had assembled all Israel and camped at Gilboa.
5But when Saul saw the Philistine troops, he shook in his boots, scared to death.
6Saul prayed to God, but God didn't answer - neither by dream nor by sign nor by prophet.
7So Saul ordered his officials, "Find me someone who can call up spirits so I may go and seek counsel from those spirits." His servants said, "There's a witch at Endor."
8Saul disguised himself by putting on different clothes. Then, taking two men with him, he went under the cover of night to the woman and said, "I want you to consult a ghost for me. Call up the person I name."
9The woman said, "Just hold on now! You know what Saul did, how he swept the country clean of mediums. Why are you trying to trap me and get me killed?"
10Saul swore solemnly, "As God lives, you won't get in any trouble for this."
11The woman said, "So whom do you want me to bring up?" "Samuel. Bring me Samuel."
12When the woman saw Samuel, she cried out loudly to Saul, "Why did you lie to me? You're Saul!"
13The king told her, "You have nothing to fear . . . but what do you see?" "I see a spirit ascending from the underground."
14"And what does he look like?" Saul asked. "An old man ascending, robed like a priest." Saul knew it was Samuel. He fell down, face to the ground, and worshiped.
15Samuel said to Saul, "Why have you disturbed me by calling me up?" "Because I'm in deep trouble," said Saul. "The Philistines are making war against me and God has deserted me - he doesn't answer me any more, either by prophet or by dream. And so I'm calling on you to tell me what to do."
16"Why ask me?" said Samuel. "God has turned away from you and is now on the side of yourneighbor.
17God has done exactly what he told you through me - ripped the kingdom right out of your hands and given it to your neighbor.
18It's because you did not obey God,refused to carry out his seething judgment on Amalek, that God does to you what he is doing today.
19Worse yet, God is turning Israel, along with you, over to the Philistines. Tomorrow you and your sons will be with me. And, yes, indeed, God is giving Israel's army up to the Philistines."
20Saul dropped to the ground, felled like a tree, terrified by Samuel's words. There wasn't an ounce of strength left in him - he'd eaten nothing all day and all night.
21The woman, realizing that he was in deep shock, said to him, "Listen to me. I did what you asked me to do, put my life in your hands in doing it, carried out your instructions to the letter.
22It's your turn to do what I tell you: Let me give you some food. Eat it. It will give you strength so you can get on your way."
23He refused. "I'm not eating anything."
24The woman moved swiftly. She butchered a grainfed calf she had, and took some flour, kneaded it, and baked some flat bread.
25Then she served it all up for Saul and his servants. After dining handsomely, they got up from the table and were on their way that same night.