撒母耳記上16章1-23節
撒母耳記上16章1-23節: 講義(朱國鈞長老)
大卫蒙拣选受膏替代扫罗
吕振中译本
1永恒主对撒母耳说∶「我弃绝了扫罗做以色列的王，你为他悲伤要到几时呢？把你的角盛满了膏油吧！来，我差遣你到伯利恒人耶西那里去，因为我在他的儿子当中已经看定了一个作王的。」
2撒母耳说∶「我怎能去呢？扫罗听见、必定杀害我的。」永恒主说∶「你手里可以牵着一只母牛犊，就说∶『我是为给永恒主献祭来的。』
3你请耶西来赴祭筵，我就指示你所当行的∶我对你说明什么人，你就为我膏立什么人好啦。」
4撒母耳便照永恒主所吩咐的话去行。他到了伯利恒，那城的长老都战战兢兢地迎接他，说∶「你来平安么？」
5他说∶「平安；我是给永恒主献祭来的；你们要洁净自己为圣、来跟我赴祭筵。」撒母耳就叫耶西和他儿子们洁净为圣，请他赴祭筵。
6他们来的时候，撒母耳看见以利押，就心里说∶「这一定是永恒主所要膏立的、果然在他面前了。」
7但是永恒主对撒母耳说∶「不要注意他的容貌、和他身材的高大；我不取他；因为永恒主人看人、不像人看人∶人是看面目，永恒主是看内心。」
8耶西叫亚比拿达从撒母耳面前经过；撒母耳说∶「这一个、永恒主也不拣选。」
9耶西叫沙玛过来；撒母耳说∶「这一个、永恒主也不拣选。」
10耶西叫他的七个儿子都从撒母耳面前经过；撒母耳对耶西说∶「永恒主都不拣选这几个人。」
11撒母耳对耶西说∶「孩子们全都在这里么？」他回答说∶「还剩下一个小的，现在正在替看羊、跟羊群在一起呢。」撒母耳对耶西说∶「请打发人去带他来；因为他没来到、我们决不坐席。」
12耶西就打发人去领他来∶他脸色赤红∶双目清秀，丰采俊美。永恒主说∶「这一个就是了；你起来膏他。」
13撒母耳就拿了油角，在他哥哥们中间膏了他；从那一天起、永恒主的灵就大大感动大卫。于是撒母耳起身、往拉玛去了。
14永恒主的灵离开了扫罗；有恶灵从永恒主那里来惊扰他。
15扫罗的臣仆对他说∶「你请看，现在有恶灵从上帝那里来惊扰你呢。
16愿我主吩你面前的臣仆去寻找一个精于弹琴的人来；等从上帝那里来的恶灵临到你身上时、他伸手一弹琴，你就好了。」
17扫罗对臣仆说∶「你们请为我看定了一个善于弹琴的人，领到我这里来。」
18僮仆中有一个人应时地说∶「看呐，我曾看见伯利恒人耶西有一个儿子、精于弹琴；是个有力气英勇之士，能打仗；说话能明辨；兼有丰姿；永恒主也和他同在。」
19于是扫罗打发使者去见耶西，说∶「请打发你的儿子大卫、那跟着羊群的、到我这里来。」
20耶西把十个饼一皮袋酒、一只母山羊羔、由他儿子大卫经手、送给扫罗。
21大卫到了扫罗那里，就侍立在扫罗面前；扫罗非常爱他，他就作了给扫罗拿军器的护兵。
22扫罗打发人去见耶西说∶「请让大卫侍立在我面前吧，因为他在我面前博得恩宠。」
23每逢从上帝那里来的恶灵临到了扫罗身上的时候，大卫总伸手拿琴来弹，扫罗便觉得舒畅爽快，恶灵就离开他。
破冰 ﹕
• 自己有没有因为非常为别人哀忡以致影响到日常生活上的作业呢？
• 在你的经历中是否曾经碰到过一位是你非常佩服敬畏的属灵领袖？他有哪些特点是令人难忘的？
• 你曾经有过十分遗憾不舒服的经历吗？让你不容易忘记的特征是些什么？
• 你认为圣灵会不会从神的儿女身上离去，就好象神的灵从扫罗身上离开一样？
分段 ﹕
• 大卫被神膏立为王 (撒上16:1-13)
神废弃扫罗藉献祭拣选耶西的一个儿子作王(撒上16:1-5)
神拣选膏立耶西最小的儿子大卫为王(撒上16:6-13)
• 耶和华的灵离弃扫罗 (撒上16:14-23)
观察、解释、应用 ﹕
大卫被神膏立为王 (撒上16:1-13)
神废弃扫罗藉献祭拣选耶西的一个儿子作王(撒上16:1-5)
1耶和华对撒母耳说： “我既厌弃扫罗作以色列的王，你为他悲伤要到几时呢？你将膏油盛满了角；来，我差遣你到伯利恒人耶西那里去，因为我在他儿子中已看中了一个为我作王的。” 2撒母耳说： “我怎么能去呢？扫罗一听见，就会杀我。” 耶和华说： “你可以手里牵一头小母牛去，说： ‘我来是要向耶和华献祭。’ 3你要请耶西来一同献祭，我会指示你当做的事。我对你说的那个人，你要为我膏他。” 4撒母耳遵照耶和华的话去做，来到伯利恒，城里的长老都战战兢兢出来迎接他，有人问他说： “你是为平安来的吗？” 5他说： “为平安来的，我来是要向耶和华献祭。你们要使自己分别为圣，来跟我一同献祭。” 撒母耳把耶西和他众儿子分别为圣，请他们来一同献祭。
上一章的结尾撒母耳为了扫罗非常的悲伤，是他亲自按立扫罗为王的。(撒上10:1) 如今扫罗却被神厌弃而废除他作王。当人非常伤心的时候，常常会花许许多多的时间在自己的悲痛当中而忘了许多应该进行的事工。这时是神提醒撒母耳不要再伤心了，振作起来去完成神还要他完成的事工！
神接着要撒母耳去进行的一件事工并不是容易的事，而是可能有生命危险的事。因为选立新王不是扫罗能够容忍的，而会尽他的力去去除这个新王。神差遣撒母耳去伯利恒那里耶西家膏他的一个儿子作王。耶西共有八个儿子，大卫是其中最小的儿子。(参撒上16:10-11) 去前先要把膏油充足的准备好，灌满在牛角里面带去。
撒母耳惧怕这个差事，他怕被扫罗知道后把他去除掉。所以他告诉神他的惧怕。神告诉他一步一步怎么进行。要牵一头小母牛去伯利恒向耶和华献祭，也请耶西一同去献祭。献祭最适合撒母耳，因为他是祭司。在这个献祭的过程中，可以膏立神所拣选的新王，那就不会惊动扫罗了。他去的时候，城里的长老都战战兢兢地出来迎接他。“战战兢兢”有谦恭欢迎的意思，也带着敬畏的心。“你是为平安来的吗？”也可以解释作是不是为献平安祭而来的？撒母耳回答说：是的，是为献平安祭而来的。请当地的长老们一同参与。不过参与前先要经过自洁分别为圣的仪式。撒母耳也让耶西与他的儿子们同样经过这个分别为圣的仪式。
思考：自己有没有为了自己的喜好不被神接受而伤心难过？要经过多长的时间才完全恢复？有什么办法减轻这段时间？如何神要用你，你是不是已经准备好无论事工的大小都可以有效地让神使用你作贵重的器皿？神教导撒母耳怎么说、怎么做，我们是不是什么事都凭着爱心说诚实话、没有遗漏地全盘透漏？我们有没有耐心，知道神会一步一步的带领前面的道路而愿意放下自己？想一想教会在领圣餐前会叫大家作什么？这有什么作用？
应用： 请好好先准备好自己的心态，在任何时间情况下都可以放下其他一切事工而让神完完全全地使用你。
神拣选膏立耶西最小的儿子大卫为王(撒上16:6-13)
6他们来的时候，撒母耳看见以利押，就心里说，耶和华的受膏者一定在耶和华面前了。7耶和华却对撒母耳说： “不要只看他的外貌和他身材高大，我不拣选他。因为耶和华不像人看人，人是看外貌，耶和华是看内心。” 8耶西叫亚比拿达从撒母耳面前经过，撒母耳说： “耶和华也不拣选他。” 9耶西又叫沙玛经过，撒母耳说： “耶和华也不拣选他。” 10耶西叫他七个儿子都从撒母耳面前经过，撒母耳对耶西说： “这些都不是耶和华所拣选的。” 11撒母耳对耶西说： “你的儿子都在这里了吗？” 他说： “还有一个最小的，看哪，他正在放羊。” 撒母耳对耶西说： “你派人去叫他来；他若不来这里，我们必不坐席。” 12耶西就派人去叫他来。他面色红润，双目清秀，容貌俊美。耶和华说： “起来，膏他，因为这就是他了。” 13撒母耳就用角里的膏油，在他的兄长中膏了他。从这日起，耶和华的灵就大大感动大卫。撒母耳起身回拉玛去了。
耶西的七个儿子来到撒母耳这里的时候，撒母耳第一个看到的是耶西的长子以利押。(参代上2:13-15) 他以为以利押就是神所拣选的新王，所以自己心里认为“耶和华的受膏者一定在耶和华面前了”。他受到外表的影响非常大！神却清清楚楚的提醒撒母耳不要看外表，神是只看里面的！撒母耳虽然是一位神所重用的仆人，仍然会陷入自以为是的软弱中。我们更当警惕而以神为是！
接着耶西叫他的次子亚比拿达来到撒母耳这里，这次撒母耳有警觉的心而知道神的心意如何。所以他说：耶和华也不拣选他。这样一个一个的，耶西让他那时在家的七个儿子都来到撒母耳那里，而撒母耳告诉耶西这七个儿子都不是神所拣选的新王！
撒母耳从神的差遣知道应该另外还有人，所以他问耶西说：你的儿子都在这里了吗？耶西回答说还有一个最小的儿子大卫正在牧养羊群。撒母耳叫耶西赶快去把大卫找回来。这里描写大卫“面色红润，双目清秀，容貌俊美”，也就是说从外表看起来非常的刮目相看！不过两项是从里到外的，面色红润是从里面有非常流通的血液显到脸面上；双目清秀是从大脑内心的纯洁显出人灵魂的无瑕无耻！难怪大卫被称为是个合神心意的人。(撒上13:14) 接着耶和华对撒母耳说：“起来，膏他，因为这就是他了。” 大卫就是神所拣选替代扫罗的新王。撒母耳马上遵命用带来牛角里面的膏油膏了大卫继承扫罗。从膏立大卫的这天开始耶和华的灵大大的做工感动大卫的一举一动、彰显在他生活的各个程面！撒母耳完成了神要他所作的事工后就回拉玛去了。
思考：自己是不是也经常受到外表的影响巨大？英俊高大？看起来聪明伶俐？女孩子身材丰满？我们怎么能够更仔细地认知一个人的内心呢？你认为一个优秀的属灵领袖怎么能够作你的好榜样？重复七次算不算相当多的次数？你的耐心可以重复多少次？撒母耳与神能够非常坦然的沟通、没有任何阻拦，今天我们如何能够与神也有非常畅通的交流？
应用： 学习凡事都顺服在神话语的引领之下，让圣灵大大在我们生活中各种的层面做工而从里到外被圣灵充满、见证主的荣耀。
耶和华的灵离弃扫罗(撒上16:14-23)
14耶和华的灵离开扫罗，有邪灵从耶和华那里来扰乱他。15扫罗的臣仆对他说： “看哪，有邪灵从神那里来扰乱你。16我们的主可以吩咐你面前的臣仆，去找一个善于弹琴的来。神那里来的邪灵临到你身上的时候，他用手弹琴，你就会感觉爽快。” 17扫罗对臣仆说： “你们给我找一个善于弹琴的，带到我这里来。” 18仆人中有一个回答说： “看哪，我曾见伯利恒人耶西的一个儿子善于弹琴，是大能的勇士，说话合宜，容貌俊美，耶和华也与他同在。” 19于是扫罗差遣使者到耶西那里，说： “叫你放羊的儿子大卫到我这里来。” 20耶西把几个饼和一皮袋酒，以及一只小山羊，驮在驴上，由儿子大卫的手送给扫罗。21大卫到了扫罗那里，就侍立在扫罗面前。扫罗很喜欢他，他就作了扫罗拿兵器的人。22扫罗派人到耶西那里，说： “让大卫侍立在我面前，因为他在我眼前蒙了恩宠。” 23从神那里来的邪灵临到扫罗身上的时候，大卫就拿琴，用手弹奏，使扫罗舒畅，感觉爽快，那邪灵就离开他了。
这一段一开始就提到耶和华的灵离开扫罗了。当人没有神的灵同在时，这是多么凄惨的状况！感谢主，今天我们重生得救的弟兄姊妹不再会有圣灵离弃我们的状况发生。(参约14:16-17); “有邪灵从耶和华那里来扰乱他”并不是说是耶和华差遣邪灵到扫罗身上，而是神允许邪灵打扰扫罗。(参伯1:6-12, 2:1-7)
扫罗的臣仆给扫罗的建议是找一个会弹琴作乐的人来疏解扫罗被邪灵扰乱时的困境。扫罗接受了这个建议后，有仆人建议去找耶西的小儿子大卫来扫罗这里作这个疏解的工作。这仆人对大卫的描写是： “看哪，我曾见伯利恒人耶西的一个儿子善于弹琴，是大能的勇士，说话合宜，容貌俊美，耶和华也与他同在。” 是从惊叹的语气开始，表示大卫不是一个普普通通弹琴作乐的人。大卫不乱说话，而是十分有分寸的说话，不多也不少；外表也非常讨人的喜欢；更重要的是神与他的同在！表示大卫是一个十分知道如何讨神喜悦的神的儿女。
扫罗马上就叫仆人到耶西家去，要把大卫带回来。耶西马上就准备好礼物让大卫带去给扫罗，表示对扫罗的尊重，看得起大卫。
大卫到扫罗身边后，扫罗非常的喜欢他，很快就被重用，而作了扫罗拿兵器的人，也就是说成了扫罗的亲信！大卫也藉着在扫罗身边而亲眼看到许许多多作王该处理的事工。扫罗也正式的告诉大卫的父亲耶西，大卫是他的人了。
大卫在扫罗身边最大的好处就是去除邪灵的干扰，让邪灵离开扫罗而去，使扫罗舒畅，感觉爽快。大卫是扫罗的救生符。
思考：你追求不追求神与你的同在？如果十分渴慕，你怎么加增神与你同在的机会？你认为讨神喜悦有哪些方面需要自己好好地多下功夫？现今真正信主的基督徒不必惧怕圣灵会离弃我们，但我们知道在积极方面怎么能够让圣灵喜悦地住在我们里面吗？你背诵了多少圣经的经文？每天花多少时间灵修？祷告方面又如何？参加教会的祷告会吗？
应用： 如果知道有弟兄姊妹或慕道友需要帮助支持，请找教会团契的联络人给自己机会参与帮助支持的事工。
ESV
1The Lord said to Samuel, “How long will you grieve over Saul, since I have rejected him from being king over Israel? Fill your horn with oil, and go. I will send you to Jesse the Bethlehemite, for I have provided for myself a king among his sons.”
2 And Samuel said, “How can I go? If Saul hears it, he will kill me.” And the Lord said, “Take a heifer with you and say, ‘I have come to sacrifice to the Lord.’
3 And invite Jesse to the sacrifice, and I will show you what you shall do. And you shall anoint for me him whom I declare to you.”
4 Samuel did what the Lord commanded and came to Bethlehem. The elders of the city came to meet him trembling and said, “Do you come peaceably?”
5 And he said, “Peaceably; I have come to sacrifice to the Lord. Consecrate yourselves, and come with me to the sacrifice.” And he consecrated Jesse and his sons and invited them to the sacrifice.
6 When they came, he looked on Eliab and thought, “Surely the Lord’s anointed is before him.”
7 But the Lord said to Samuel, “Do not look on his appearance or on the height of his stature, because I have rejected him. For the Lord sees not as man sees: man looks on the outward appearance, but the Lord looks on the heart.”
8 Then Jesse called Abinadab and made him pass before Samuel. And he said, “Neither has the Lord chosen this one.”
9 Then Jesse made Shammah pass by. And he said, “Neither has the Lord chosen this one.”
10 And Jesse made seven of his sons pass before Samuel. And Samuel said to Jesse, “The Lord has not chosen these.”
11 Then Samuel said to Jesse, “Are all your sons here?” And he said, “There remains yet the youngest, but behold, he is keeping the sheep.” And Samuel said to Jesse, “Send and get him, for we will not sit down till he comes here.”
12 And he sent and brought him in. Now he was ruddy and had beautiful eyes and was handsome. And the Lord said, “Arise, anoint him, for this is he.”
13 Then Samuel took the horn of oil and anointed him in the midst of his brothers. And the Spirit of the Lord rushed upon David from that day forward. And Samuel rose up and went to Ramah.
David in Saul’s Service
14 Now the Spirit of the Lord departed from Saul, and a harmful spirit from the Lord tormented him.
15 And Saul’s servants said to him, “Behold now, a harmful spirit from God is tormenting you.
16 Let our lord now command your servants who are before you to seek out a man who is skillful in playing the lyre, and when the harmful spirit from God is upon you, he will play it, and you will be well.”
17 So Saul said to his servants, “Provide for me a man who can play well and bring him to me.”
18 One of the young men answered, “Behold, I have seen a son of Jesse the Bethlehemite, who is skillful in playing, a man of valor, a man of war, prudent in speech, and a man of good presence, and the Lord is with him.”
19 Therefore Saul sent messengers to Jesse and said, “Send me David your son, who is with the sheep.”
20 And Jesse took a donkey laden with bread and a skin of wine and a young goat and sent them by David his son to Saul.
21 And David came to Saul and entered his service. And Saul loved him greatly, and he became his armor-bearer.
22 And Saul sent to Jesse, saying, “Let David remain in my service, for he has found favor in my sight.”
23 And whenever the harmful spirit from God was upon Saul, David took the lyre and played it with his hand. So Saul was refreshed and was well, and the harmful spirit departed from him.
MSG
1 God addressed Samuel: "So, how long are you going to mope over Saul? You know I've rejected him as king over Israel. Fill your flask with anointing oil and get going. I'm sending you to Jesse of Bethlehem. I've spotted the very king I want among his sons."
2 "I can't do that," said Samuel. "Saul will hear about it and kill me."
3 Make sure Jesse gets invited. I'll let you know what to do next. I'll point out the one you are to anoint."
4 Samuel did what God told him. When he arrived at Bethlehem, the town fathers greeted him, but apprehensively. "Is there something wrong?"
5 "Nothing's wrong. I've come to sacrifice this heifer and lead you in the worship of God. Prepare yourselves, be consecrated, and join me in worship." He made sure Jesse and his sons were also consecrated and called to worship.
6 When they arrived, Samuel took one look at Eliab and thought, "Here he is! God's anointed!"
7 But God told Samuel, "Looks aren't everything. Don't be impressed with his looks and stature. I've already eliminated him. God judges persons differently than humans do. Men and women look at the face; God looks into the heart."
8 Jesse then called up Abinadab and presented him to Samuel. Samuel said, "This man isn't God's choice either."
9 Next Jesse presented Shammah. Samuel said, "No, this man isn't either."
10 Jesse presented his seven sons to Samuel. Samuel was blunt with Jesse, "God hasn't chosen any of these."
11 Then he asked Jesse, "Is this it? Are there no more sons?" "Well, yes, there's the runt. But he's out tending the sheep." Samuel ordered Jesse, "Go get him. We're not moving from this spot until he's here."
12 Jesse sent for him. He was brought in, the very picture of health - bright-eyed, good-looking. God said, "Up on your feet! Anoint him! This is the one."
13 Samuel took his flask of oil and anointed him, with his brothers standing around watching. The Spirit of God entered David like a rush of wind, God vitally empowering him for the rest of his life. Samuel left and went home to Ramah.
14 At that very moment the Spirit of God left Saul and in its place a black mood sent by God settled on him. He was terrified.
15 Saul's advisors said, "This awful tormenting depression from God is making your life miserable.
16 O master, let us help. Let us look for someone who can play the harp. When the black mood from God moves in, he'll play his music and you'll feel better."
17 Saul told his servants, "Go ahead. Find me someone who can play well and bring him to me."
18 One of the young men spoke up, "I know someone. I've seen him myself: the son of Jesse of Bethlehem, an excellent musician. He's also courageous, of age, well-spoken, and good-looking. And God is with him."
19 So Saul sent messengers to Jesse requesting, "Send your son David to me, the one who tends the sheep."
20 Jesse took a donkey, loaded it with a couple of loaves of bread, a flask of wine, and a young goat, and sent his son David with it to Saul.
21 David came to Saul and stood before him. Saul liked him immediately and made him his right-hand man.
22 Saul sent word back to Jesse: "Thank you. David will stay here. He's just the one I was looking for. I'm very impressed by him."
23 After that, whenever the bad depression from God tormented Saul, David got out his harp and played. That would calm Saul down, and he would feel better as the moodiness lifted.