約翰福音18章1節-19章3節

約翰福音18章1節-19章3節: 講義(朱國鈞長老)

主耶稣被捕受审及彼得三次不认主 (约18:1-19:3)

經文﹕
吕振中译本
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MSG
18:1耶稣说了这些话，就同门徒出去，到汲沦溪谷那边。在那里有个园子，他和门徒就进去。2把耶稣送官的犹大也知道那地方，因为耶稣同门徒屡次聚集在那里。3于是犹大领了兵队、和祭司长跟法利赛人的差役，拿着灯笼火把和武器来到那里。4耶稣知道所要临到自己的一切事，就出来，问他们说∶「你们找谁？」5他们回答他说∶「拿撒勒人耶稣。」耶稣对他们说∶「我就是。」把耶稣送官的犹大也同他们站着。6耶稣一对他们说∶「我就是」，他们就往后退，仆倒在地上。7于是耶稣又诘问他们说∶「你们找谁？」他们说∶「拿撒勒人耶稣。」8耶稣回答说∶「我已经告诉你们『我就是』；你们既是找我，就放这些人走吧」。9这是要应验他所说过的话说∶「你所给了我的人，连一个我也没有失掉。」10西门彼得有一把刀，就抽出来，击了大祭司的仆人，砍掉他右边的耳朵；那仆人名叫马勒古。11于是耶稣对彼得说∶「收刀入鞘！父给了我的杯、难道我不喝么？」12兵队和千夫长跟犹太人的差役就捉拿耶稣，把他捆住，13先带到亚那面前；因为亚那是那年做大祭司的该亚法的岳父，14该亚法是那位给犹太人出过主意说∶「一个人替人民死、是对人民有益的。」15西门彼得跟着耶稣，另一个门徒也跟着。那门徒是跟大祭司认识的；他同耶稣进了大祭司的院子∶16彼得却在门外站着。当下跟大祭司认识的那另一个门徒出来，向看门的女人说一声，就带彼得进去。17那看门的使女就对彼得说∶「你不也是这人的一个门徒么？」彼得说∶「我不是。」18那些仆人和差役因为寒冷生了炭火，站着烤火；彼得也同他们在一起、站着烤火。19当下大祭司将耶稣的门徒和他的教训的事诘问耶稣。20耶稣回答他说∶「我从来是坦然公开地向世人讲话；我常常在会堂在殿里、众犹太聚集的地方、教训人，并没有在隐密中讲什么呀。21你为什么问我呢？可以问Betrayal and arrest of Jesus 18:1When Jesus had spoken these words, he went out with his disciples across the brook Kidron, where there was a garden, which he and his disciples entered. 2Now Judas, who betrayed him, also knew the place, for Jesus often met there with his disciples. 3So Judas, having procured a band of soldiers and some officers from the chief priests and the Pharisees, went there with lanterns and torches and weapons. 4Then Jesus, knowing all that would happen to him, came forward and said to them, “Whom do you seek?” 5They answered him, “Jesus of Nazareth.” Jesus said to them, “I am he.”1 Judas, who betrayed him, was standing with them. 6When Jesus said to them, “I am he,” they drew back and fell to the ground. 7So he asked them again, “Whom do you seek?” And they said, “Jesus of Nazareth.” 8Jesus answered, “I told you that I am he. So, if you seek me, let these men go.” 9This was to fulfill the word that he had spoken: “Of those whom you gave me I have lost not one.” 10Then Simon Peter, having a sword, drew it and struck the high priest’s servant and cut off his right ear. (The servant’s name was Malchus.) 11So Jesus said to Peter, “Put your sword into its sheath; shall I not drink the cup that the Father has given me?” Jesus Faces Annas and Caiaphas 12So the band of soldiers and their captain and the officers of the Jews arrested Jesus and bound him. 13First they led him to Annas, for he was the father-in-law of Caiaphas, who was high priest that year. 14It was Caiaphas who had advised the Jews that it would be expedient that one man should die for the people. Peter Denies Jesus 15Simon Peter followed Jesus, and so did another disciple. Since that disciple was known to the high priest, he entered with Jesus into the courtyard of the high priest, 16but Peter stood outside at the door. So the other disciple, who was known to the high priest, went out and spoke to the servant girl who kept watch at the door, and brought Peter in. 17The servant girl at the door said to Peter, “You also are not one of this man’s disciples, are you?” He said, “I am not.” 18Now the servants and officers had made a charcoal fire, because it was cold, and they were standing and warming themselves. Peter also was with them, standing and warming himself. The High Priest Questions Jesus 19The high priest then questioned Jesus about his disciples and his teaching. 20Jesus answered him, “I have spoken openly to the world. I have always taught in
18:1Jesus, having prayed this prayer, left with his disciples and crossed over the brook Kidron at a place where there was a garden. He and his disciples entered it. 2Judas, his betrayer, knew the place because Jesus and his disciples went there often. 3So Judas led the way to the garden, and the Roman soldiers and police sent by the high priests and Pharisees followed. They arrived there with lanterns and torches and swords. 4Jesus, knowing by now everything that was coming down on him, went out and met them. He said, "Who are you after?" They answered, "Jesus the Nazarene." 5He said, "That's me." The soldiers recoiled, totally taken aback. Judas, his betrayer, stood out like a sore thumb. 6 7Jesus asked again, "Who are you after?" They answered, "Jesus the Nazarene." 8"I told you," said Jesus, "that's me. I'm the one. So if it's me you're after, let these others go." 9(This validated the words in his prayer, "I didn't lose one of those you gave.") 10Just then Simon Peter, who was carrying a sword, pulled it from its sheath and struck the Chief Priest's servant, cutting off his right ear. Malchus was the servant's name. 11Jesus ordered Peter, "Put back your sword. Do you think for a minute I'm not going to drink this cup the Father gave me?" 12Then the Roman soldiers under their commander, joined by the Jewish police, seized Jesus and tied him up. 13They took him first to Annas, father-in-law of Caiaphas. Caiaphas was the Chief Priest that year. 14It was Caiaphas who had advised the Jews that it was to their advantage that one man die for the people. 15Simon Peter and another disciple followed Jesus. That other disciple was known to the Chief Priest, and so he went in with Jesus to the Chief Priest's courtyard. 16Peter had to stay outside. Then the other disciple went out, spoke to the doorkeeper, and got Peter in. 17The young woman who was the doorkeeper said to Peter, "Aren't you one of this man's disciples?" He said, "No, I'm not." 18The servants and police had made a fire because of the cold and were huddled there warming themselves. Peter stood with them, trying to get warm. 19Annas interrogated Jesus regarding his disciples and his teaching. 20Jesus answered, "I've spoken openly in public. I've taught regularly in meeting places and the
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问听见的人、我对他们讲过什么话；你看，我所说的、这些人都知道呀。」22耶稣说了这些话，旁边站着的差役有一个给他一个耳刮子，说∶「你这样回答大祭司么？」23耶稣回答他说∶「我若讲得不对，你可以指证那不对之处；若是对呢、你为什么打我？」24于是亚那把耶稣［仍是捆着］送到大祭司该亚法那里。25西门彼得正站着烤火。有人就对他说∶「你、不也是他的一个门徒么？」彼得否认说∶「我不是」。26大祭司有一个仆人、是彼得砍掉他耳朵的那个人的亲戚、就说∶「我不是看见你同他在园子里么？」27彼得又否认；立时地鸡就叫了。28当下他们将耶稣、从该亚法那里带到皇省长府内。那时候是清早；他们自己却没有进府内，免得染了俗污，好吃逾越节的筵席。29于是彼拉多出来到外边向着他们说∶「你们拿什么控告这个人呢？」30他们回答他说∶「这个人若不是作恶的，我们就不把他送交给你。」31彼拉多就对他们说∶「你们自己把他带去，按你们的律法审判他。」犹太人对他说∶「我们杀人、是可以的」。32这是要应验耶稣的话，就是他所指明、他将要由什么样的死而死来说的。33于是彼拉多又进了皇省长府内，叫耶稣来，对他说∶「你是犹太人的王？」34耶稣回答说∶「这说这话，是你自己说的呢？还是别人论到我对你说的？」35彼拉多回答说∶「难道我是犹太人么？你本国的人和祭司长们把你送交给我；你作了什么事阿？」36耶稣回答说∶「我的国不属于这世界。我的国若属于这世界，给我当差事的就要战斗、使我不至于被送交给犹太人了。其实我的国不是出于这里的。」37彼拉多就对耶稣说∶「那么你是王了！」耶稣回答说∶「你说我是王，你说的是。我为这事而出生，为这事来到世界，好给真理作见证；凡属真理的就听我的声音。」38彼拉多对耶稣说∶「真理是什么？」说了这话，就再出来向着犹太人、对他们说∶「我查不出他有什么罪状。39但你们有个常例、要我在逾越节释放一个人给你们。那么你们是不是有意思要我释放那『犹太人的王』synagogues and in the temple, where all Jews come together. I have said nothing in secret. 21Why do you ask me? Ask those who have heard me what I said to them; they know what I said.” 22When he had said these things, one of the officers standing by struck Jesus with his hand, saying, “Is that how you answer the high priest?” 23 Jesus answered him, “If what I said is wrong, bear witness about the wrong; but if what I said is right, why do you strike me?” 24Annas then sent him bound to Caiaphas the high priest. Peter Denies Jesus Again 25Now Simon Peter was standing and warming himself. So they said to him, “You also are not one of his disciples, are you?” He denied it and said, “I am not.” 26One of the servants of the high priest, a relative of the man whose ear Peter had cut off, asked, “Did I not see you in the garden with him?” 27Peter again denied it, and at once a rooster crowed. Jesus Before Pilate 28Then they led Jesus from the house of Caiaphas to the governor’s headquarters. It was early morning. They themselves did not enter the governor’s headquarters, so that they would not be defiled, but could eat the Passover. 29So Pilate went outside to them and said, “What accusation do you bring against this man?” 30They answered him, “If this man were not doing evil, we would not have delivered him over to you.” 31Pilate said to them, “Take him yourselves and judge him by your own law.” The Jews said to him, “It is not lawful for us to put anyone to death.” 32This was to fulfill the word that Jesus had spoken to show by what kind of death he was going to die. My Kingdom Is Not of This World 33So Pilate entered his headquarters again and called Jesus and said to him, “Are you the King of the Jews?” 34Jesus answered, “Do you say this of your own accord, or did others say it to you about me?” 35Pilate answered, “Am I a Jew? Your own nation and the chief priests have delivered you over to me. What have you done?” 36Jesus answered, “My kingdom cis not of this world. If my kingdom were of this world, my servants would have been fighting, that I might not be delivered over to the Jews. But my kingdom is not from the world.” 37Then Pilate said to him, “So you are a king?” Jesus answered, “You say that I am a king. For this purpose I was born and for this purpose I have come into the world—to bear witness to the truth. Everyone who is of the truth listens to my voice.” 38Pilate said to him, “What is truth?” After he had said this, he went back outside to the Jews and told them, “I find no guilt in him. 39But you have a custom that I should release one man for you at the Passover. So do you want me to release to you the King of the Jews?” 40They cried
Temple, where the Jews all come together. Everything has been out in the open. I've said nothing in secret. 21So why are you treating me like a conspirator? Question those who have been listening to me. They know well what I have said. My teachings have all been aboveboard." 22When he said this, one of the policemen standing there slapped Jesus across the face, saying, "How dare you speak to the Chief Priest like that!" 23Jesus replied, "If I've said something wrong, prove it. But if I've spoken the plain truth, why this slapping around?" 24Then Annas sent him, still tied up, to the Chief Priest Caiaphas. 25Meanwhile, Simon Peter was back at the fire, still trying to get warm. The others there said to him, "Aren't you one of his disciples?" He denied it, "Not me." 26One of the Chief Priest's servants, a relative of the man whose ear Peter had cut off, said, "Didn't I see you in the garden with him?" 27Again, Peter denied it. Just then a rooster crowed. 28They led Jesus then from Caiaphas to the Roman governor's palace. It was early morning. They themselves didn't enter the palace because they didn't want to be disqualified from eating the Passover. 29So Pilate came out to them and spoke. "What charge do you bring against this man?" 30They said, "If he hadn't been doing something evil, do you think we'd be here bothering you?" 31Pilate said, "You take him. Judge him by your law." 32(This would confirm Jesus' word indicating the way he would die.) 33Pilate went back into the palace and called for Jesus. He said, "Are you the 'King of the Jews'?" 34Jesus answered, "Are you saying this on your own, or did others tell you this about me?" 35Pilate said, "Do I look like a Jew? Your people and your high priests turned you over to me. What did you do?" 36"My kingdom," said Jesus, "doesn't consist of what you see around you. If it did, my followers would fight so that I wouldn't be handed over to the Jews. But I'm not that kind of king, not the world's kind of king." 37Then Pilate said, "So, are you a king or not?" Jesus answered, "You tell me. Because I am King, I was born and entered the world so that I could witness to the truth. Everyone who cares for truth, who has any feeling for the truth, recognizes my voice." 38Pilate said, "What is truth?" Then he went back out to the Jews and told them, "I find nothing wrong in this man." 39It's your custom that I pardon one prisoner at Passover. Do you want me to pardon the 'King of the Jews'?" 40They shouted back, "Not this one,
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给你们呢？」40于是他们又嚷着说∶「不要这个人！要巴拉巴！」这巴拉巴是个强盗。19:1那时彼拉多就拿耶稣，鞭打了。2士兵用荆棘编作华冠，给戴在他头上，又给他披上紫色的衣裳。3接续地来到他面前说∶「犹太人的王，万岁！」直给他耳刮子。 out again, “Not this man, but Barabbas!” Now Barabbas was a robber. Jesus Delivered to Be Crucified 19:1Then Pilate took Jesus and flogged him. 2And the soldiers twisted together a crown of thorns and put it on his head and arrayed him in a purple robe. 3They came up to him, saying, “Hail, King of the Jews!” and struck him with their hands.
but Barabbas!" Barabbas was a Jewish freedom fighter.
19:1So Pilate took Jesus and had him whipped. 2The soldiers, having braided a crown from thorns, set it on his head, threw a purple robe over him, 3and approached him with, "Hail, King of the Jews!" Then they greeted him with slaps in the face.
破冰 ﹕
• 你有没有惧怕的经验？如果有，请分享你的经历。
• 你有没有上过法院？是为了什么原因？有没有超速吃罚单的痛苦经验？
• 你有没有背叛别人过？如果有，是在什么情况下？
• 你认为什么样的侮辱最吃不消？自己有过被别人误会、屈辱过吗？
分段 ﹕
• 耶稣被捕 (约18:1-14)
• 耶稣受审及彼得三次不认主 (约18:15-27)
• 耶稣被判死刑 (约18:28-19:3)
观察、解释、应用 ﹕
耶稣被捕 (约18:1-14; 太26:47-56; 可14:43-52; 路22:47-53)
1耶稣说了这些话，就同门徒出去，过了汲沦溪。在那里有一个园子，他和门徒进去了。2出卖耶稣的犹大也知道那地方，因为耶稣和门徒屡次在那里聚集。3犹大领了一队兵，以及祭司长和法利赛人的圣殿警卫，拿着灯笼、火把和兵器来到园里。4耶稣知道将要临到自己的一切事，就出来对他们说：“你们找谁？”5他们回答他：“拿撒勒人耶稣。”耶稣对他们说：“我就是。”出卖他的犹大也同他们站在一起。6耶稣一对他们说“我就是”，他们就退后，倒在地上。7他又问他们：“你们找谁？”他们说：“拿撒勒人耶稣。”8耶稣回答：“我已经告诉你们，我就是。你们若找的是我，就让这些人走吧。”9这要应验耶稣说过的话：“你所赐给我的人，我一个也不失落。”10西门．彼得带着一把刀，就拔出来，把大祭司的仆人砍了一刀，削掉了他的右耳，那仆人名叫马勒古。11于是耶稣对彼得说：“收刀入鞘吧！我父给我的杯，我岂可不喝呢？”12那队兵、千夫长和犹太人的警卫拿住耶稣，把他捆绑了，13先带到亚那面前，因为他是那年的大祭司该亚法的岳父。14这该亚法就是从前向犹太人忠告说“一个人替百姓死是有利的”那个人。
“耶稣说了这些话” 是指前面第14-17章所讲的那么多的话。“有一个园子”是指在橄榄山上靠近耶路撒冷的客西马尼园。这个地方是主耶稣带领门徒经常去的地方，所以卖主的犹大对这个地方也十分熟悉。 “犹大领了一队兵” 人数应当至少好几百人，因为后面12节说到千夫长，如果才一百人左右那么百夫长就够了。时间上是相当晚了，来的人是拿着灯笼火把而来的，不然他们不需要拿灯笼火把。可见来捉拿耶稣是件相当重大的事，所以才那么谨慎的处理。
“耶稣知道将要临到自己的一切事”包括就要承受的极大苦难，祂却没有退缩而勇往直前。“我就是”在希腊原文就是主耶稣在约翰福音中经常用到的专有名词“我是”，也就是独一真神的专有名词，就是在快要上十字架前还是表示祂就是那位从天上而来独一的真神！在威严的真神面前没有任何人是站立得住的，所以耶稣一说我就是时，他们就全都退后倒在地上了。主耶稣在受难前所想到的是保护祂的门徒
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们，但彼得却只有血气之勇，拿刀削掉了大祭司仆人马勒古的右耳，而没有先冷静的思考主耶稣会怎么办。
第14节‘这该亚法就是从前向犹太人忠告说“一个人替百姓死是有利的”那个人’可以参考 (约11:49-52)中该亚法曾说过：“你们什么都不知道，也不想想，一个人替百姓死，免得整个民族灭亡，这对你们是有利的。”这个预言马上就要实现了。 思考：你对处理一件重大事情的态度如何？你遇到困难的挑战时态度又会如何？会害怕吗？如果害怕，你会怎么处理？你对约翰福音中的“我是”感受深不深切？你对主耶稣有没有深切敬畏的心？还是随随便便没有特别把主放在首位？当先冷静下来好好思考前因后果后才采取行动时，你会不会保持你的冷静？ 应用：请重新思想你参加主日崇拜的心态，如果太随便今后要如何改善？会不会为讲员、事奉同工们代祷让参与的弟兄姊妹们都有很好的领受？今后如果遇到紧急事件，请先好好祷告思考神会要你怎么进行，然后才采取行动。 耶稣受审及彼得三次不认主 (约18:15-27; 太26:57-75; 可14:54-68; 路22:54-71)
15西门．彼得跟着耶稣，另一个门徒也跟着；那门徒是大祭司所认识的，他就同耶稣进了大祭司的院子。16彼得却站在门外。大祭司所认识的那个门徒出来，对看门的使女说了一声，就领彼得进去。17那看门的使女对彼得说：“你不也是这人的门徒吗？”他说：“我不是。”18仆人和警卫因为天冷生了炭火，站在那里取暖；彼得也同他们站着取暖。
另一个门徒应该是指写约翰福音书的约翰。不然不会只有约翰福音记载另外那个门徒。主耶稣已经预先警告过彼得他会不认主 (参约13:36-38)，彼得还说过愿意为主舍命的呢。但是现在被那看门的使女问：“你不也是这人的门徒吗？”彼得却回答说：“我不是。”
思考：自己属灵的敏锐性有多高？会不会像彼得一样不知道自己灵里面的软弱麻木？彼得跟随主作门徒已经超过三年之久，自己的本性却还是经常带着他走世上的道路。你信主有多久？你觉得你现在的灵命如何？会不会说话不经过大脑？当你知道自己又没有遵行主的教导后你会怎么检讨？怎么防范今后不再犯同样的错误？你觉得你是否真正愿意学习作主的门徒？
应用：请无时无刻祷告主，求主加添自己属灵的敏锐力能有迅速分辨的智慧。当自己发现又没有听从主的话语时，要马上彻底认罪悔改、保守自己愿意好好走在神的正路当中。如果你愿意委身作主的门徒，请开始参与成人主日学的学习及应用。
19于是，大祭司盘问耶稣有关他的门徒和他教导的事。20耶稣回答他：“我一向都是公开地对世人讲话，我常在会堂和圣殿里，就是犹太人聚集的地方教导人，我私下并没有讲什么。21你为什么问我呢？去问那些听过我讲话的人，我所说的，他们都知道。”22耶稣说了这些话，旁边站着的一个警卫打了他一耳光，说：“你这样回答大祭司吗？”23耶稣回答他：“假如我说的不对，你指证不对的地方；假如我说的对，你为什么打我呢？”24于是亚那把耶稣绑着押解到大祭司该亚法那里。
主耶稣在世上生活的这一段时期一直是走在绝对真理的道路上，不偏左也不偏右。所以祂的行事为人是坦荡荡的，不必隐藏的。就是任何人公正的问话，祂的回答都是真理！无话能够反驳！这是我们该效法的好榜样，经常走在真理的正路当中。
25西门．彼得正站着取暖，有人对他说：“你不也是他的门徒吗？”彼得不承认，说：“我不是。”26大祭司的一个仆人，是被彼得削掉耳朵那人的亲属，说：“我不是看见你同他在园子里吗？”27彼得又不承认，立刻鸡就叫了。
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彼得在自己不知不觉惧怕当中竟然真的三次不认耶稣！第一次是被看门的使女问，第二次是他正站着取暖时有人问他，第三次是被彼得削掉耳朵那人的亲属问。从另一个角度看，彼得对耶稣事先警告他会在鸡叫之前三次不认主并不是那么放在心上。所以才一点戒备的警觉心都没有。
思考：自己有没有在不同的场合说不同的话违背良心？能够在真道上站立得非常平稳吗？你会不会在某种场合不认主？怎么知道？如果有人提醒你要小心某件事情时，你会不会真正提高你的警觉性而避免犯错？
耶稣被判死刑 (约18:28-19:3; 太27:1-2, 11-31; 可15:1-20; 路23:1-5, 13-25)
28他们把耶稣从该亚法那里押解到总督府。那时是清早。他们自己却不进总督府，恐怕染了污秽，不能吃逾越节的宴席。29于是彼拉多出来，到他们那里，说：“你们告这人是为什么事呢？”30他们回答他说：“这人若不作恶，我们就不会把他交给你了。”31彼拉多对他们说：“你们自己带他去，按着你们的律法问他吧！”犹太人说：“我们没有杀人的权柄。”32这是要应验耶稣所说，指自己将要怎样死的话。
33于是彼拉多又进了总督府，叫耶稣来，对他说：“你是犹太人的王吗？”34耶稣回答：“这话是你说的，还是别人论到我时对你说的呢？”35彼拉多回答：“难道我是犹太人吗？你的同胞和祭司长把你交给我。你做了什么事呢？”36耶稣回答：“我的国不属于这世界；我的国若属于这世界，我的部下就会为我战斗，使我不至于被交给犹太人。只是我的国不属于这世界。”37于是彼拉多对他说：“那么，你是王了？”耶稣回答：“是你说我是王。我为此而生，也为此来到世界，为了给真理作见证。凡属真理的人都听我的话。”38彼拉多对他说：“真理是什么呢？” 说了这话，彼拉多又出来到犹太人那里，对他们说：“我查不出他有什么罪状。 39但你们有个规矩，在逾越节要我给你们释放一个人，你们要我给你们释放这犹太人的王吗？”40他们又再喊着说：“不要这人！要巴拉巴！”这巴拉巴是个强盗。
19:1于是，彼拉多命令把耶稣带去鞭打了。2士兵用荆棘编了冠冕，戴在他头上，给他穿上紫袍，3又走到他面前，说：“万岁，犹太人的王！”他们就打他耳光。
彼拉多是罗马帝国驻派犹太地的巡抚。这时候正好在耶路撒冷而参与了主耶稣的审判工作。主耶稣回答巡抚彼拉多时仍旧完全站在真理权柄的立场没有作任何的妥协！祂是天国君王而不是来作世界的王，乃是为真理作见证。
彼拉多说查不出主耶稣有什么罪状，按照罗马帝国的法律本应该无罪释放的。但他并没有这样作，而去讨犹太人的喜欢。
思考：你在那些事情方面有权作决定？你作决定时根据什么？有权作决定时也是彰显神的荣耀的时候，你会不会把握这种机会？你是不是真正重生得救的基督徒？有没有把主耶稣看作天国君王？听从主的话，为真理作见证？你怎么为真理作见证？
应用：如果有时你会对真理妥协，请回想是在什么情况下作的妥协。下次遇到同样的情况会怎么处理而不会违背圣经的教导？如果你还没有向慕道友作过福音见证，请把自己怎么得救的见证写下来。等下一次有机会时，把写下的见证述说一遍。